https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/ Educational and Scholastic studies en daily 1 Tue, 27 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 27 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0330 https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_3755.html The purpose of this study was to develop a life skills curriculum model based on a learning approach based on playmaking in elementary school. This Study was an applied and qualitative research. Participants in this study included curriculum planning specialists in Iran who had the necessary information in the field of life skills curriculum and game-making approach, using purposive sampling method and considering the theoretical saturation criterion of 15 People selected. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The method of data analysis in this study was thematic analysis and the findings were categorized and organized in the form of a network of basic, organizing and comprehensive themes. In order to validate the model, the opinion of 15 education specialists in the field of curriculum planning was studied using a closed and open questionnaire. It is suitable. Findings indicated that the curriculum includes comprehensive themes (purpose, content, teaching method, evaluation), objectives including 7 organizing themes, content including 9 organizing themes, each of which has levels and basic themes. There are a variety that can be used to develop a life skills curriculum based on the elementary game approach. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4685.html The background and objectives of this study, relying on qualitative research, represents the experiences of teachers from the implementation of the Shahab project in education in Sanandaj city. Methods: The strategy used in the present study was the descriptive narrative design proposed by Edmonds and Kennedy (2017). The research field of Kurdistan province and potential participants were all teachers of three levels in Sanandaj city, 14 of them were selected purposefully (heterogeneous) and invited to participate using a semi-structured interview protocol. Findings: The findings showed that 37% of the codes were related to the risks that made the implementation of the Shahab project difficult: the teachers stated that the weakness of human resources in terms of design and implementation, inefficient supervision, threatened the quality of Shahab project implementation. Also, 32% of the codes were related to weaknesses that made the implementation phase difficult. In addition, the teachers acknowledged that the implementation of this plan, apart from its disadvantages, in some cases has led to the connection of schools with the elite foundation, the brilliant talent office and the development of cooperation between teachers, administrators and families. In general, the findings indicated the fact that the Shahab plan in the country's https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_3756.html The main purpose of this study was pathology of teachers' rating system based on three- dimensional model (behavioral, contextal and structural damages). This research is applied in terms of research type and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of research methodology. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews with teachers included in the ranking system, school administrators and surveys of experts were used for data collection. The statistical sample consisted of 15 teachers, school administrators and experts until theoretical saturation was achieved by purposeful sampling method. In the quantitative section of the statistical population, 46,351 teachers of elementary, first and second grades of Tehran. That among them with using Krejcie snd Morgan table 381 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In the qualitative section, Colaysy's method was used to analyze the interviews using ATLAS.Ti software. the conceptual model of the research was drawn.The results showed that the most important disadvantages of the teacher ranking system are, in the structural dimension, including inappropriate infrastructure, non-standard tests; Behavioral dimension includes low psychological well-being of teachers and inappropriate attitude; In the context, they include the inability of the decision-making system and cultural damages . https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4414.html this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mook-based education on academic motivation and working memory performance of students with coping disobedience disorder. The method of this research is quasi experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two groups of control and experimental. The statistical population of the study included all primary school children with coping disobedience disorder who were trained in student centers with coping disobedience disorder under the supervision of the Education Organization. The available non-random sampling method was used to select the sample. Finally, using random sampling method, 30 students with coping disobedience disorder were selected. The research instruments included the Counter Disobedience Disorder Rating Scale, Frederick, and Paris (2004) and WMQ Scale Questionnaires. The analysis and minor corrections were finally confirmed and the reliability of the questionnaires was 0.75, 0.71 and 0.73 using Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Results: Findings showed that Mook-based education has a significant effect on the components of academic motivation (behavioral, emotional and cognitive) and functional memory function (short-term storage, attention and executive dimensions of working memory) of students with defiant disobedience disorder. Therefore, it can be concluded that Mook-based education increases academic motivation and improves students' working memory performance with coping disobedience disorder. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_3757.html El método de investigación es la exploración (cualitativa-cuantitativa) en la sección cualitativa con el método de análisis de datos y en la sección cuantitativa descriptiva-encuesta. Entre los participantes del presente estudio en la sección de calidad se encontraban profesores y expertos superiores en educación y sedes del SAMA, y en la sección cuantitativa, se seleccionaron profesores de escuelas y estudiantes de arte de escuelas vocacionales y trabajo y conocimientos del SAMA mediante método de muestreo. La herramienta de recopilación de datos en la parte cualitativa de la entrevista está semiestructurada y en la parte cuantitativa del cuestionario se ha investigado.El método de análisis de datos se utiliza en la sección cualitativa sobre la base del análisis de datos de la fundación y en la parte cuantitativa basada en los indicadores de ecuaciones estructurales y el análisis de factores confirmatorios utilizando software amous y basado en indicadores de análisis El factor de exploración y confirmación de los resultados indica que en la evaluación basada en competencias en el sistema de educación secundaria, deben destacarse los componentes de evaluación basados en competencias profesionales, éticas y especializadas. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4796.html Background and Objectives: The flipped classroom approach seeks to transform the traditional classroom structure and address the limitations of conventional teaching methods. This study aims to examine the impact of the flipped classroom model on students' academic performance, classroom interaction, and motivation for achievement. Methods: This research is applied in nature, semi-experimental in design, and quantitative in terms of data. It employs a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The sample selected through convenience sampling from one school with two classes. One class was randomly designated as the experimental group and the other as the control group. The experimental group was taught using the flipped classroom approach, while the control group received traditional instruction. Data collection involved the Classroom Interaction Scale (QTI) by Wubbels et al., the Achievement Motivation Scale (HEMS) by Harter, and a teacher-constructed academic performance test. Findings: The results indicated significant differences in academic performance, classroom interaction, and motivation for achievement between the experimental group (flipped classroom) and the control group (traditional classroom). Students in the flipped classroom exhibited higher academic performance, better interaction, and greater motivation. Conclusion: The findings highlight the effectiveness of the flipped classroom approach in enhancing students' academic performance, classroom interaction, and motivation. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_3762.html This study examines the challenges in e-learning during the outbreak of COVID-19. Based on the subject and objectives of the study, this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of causal nature. The statistical population of the study is all primary school teachers in Bojnourd in the academic year 1399-1400 that was 2384 people using Morgan table, 330 people were selected through random sampling. The tool used to collect information was a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was approved by several professors in this field. The reliability of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was(0.862). For statistical analysis of data, mean test using SPSS.23 and structural analysis was used to check the validity of the measurement model with PLS software. After extracting and categorizing themes, challenges and disadvantages of e-learning and teaching from the perspective of teachers in ten categories of manpower, e-content, e-literacy (computer), information exchange, research skills, cultural exchange, internet, content Educational, teaching method, and family were classified. Due to the problems and disadvantages of e-learning and learning, designing a coherent and effective infrastructure to provide virtual education is necessary. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4681.html Formative assessment, as one of the teaching processes, plays an important role in student learning.Unfortunately, many teachers neglect its proper implementation for various reasons, one of the most Important reasons being the role of textbooks. Given the importance of optimal physics teaching and formative assessment in classrooms, this study aims to investigate the role of physics textbooks and teacher guidebooks in addressing this crucial topic. The method used in this research is qualitative andquantitative content analysis, carried out using Atlas.ti software for qualitative analysis, followed bynumerical calculations . The research informants arethe physics textbooks for the 2021-2022 academic year in both the experimental sciences and mathematics and physics disciplines, as well as the physics teacher guidancebooks.The results of the analyses indicate that the high number of end-of chapter exercises, the lack of medium and difficult examples, the unclear objectives and expectations at the beginning ofeach chapter, the absence of rubrics and conceptual diagrams and practical scientific projects are among the issues in textbooks. It seems that the main problemhindering the effective implementation of formative assessment is the high volume oftextbook content and exercises compared to the limited time allocated to this subject. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_3763.html مطالعه حاضر به بررسی ابعاد جامعه‌شناختی زیست‌بوم کرونا و کارکردهای مناسب و نامناسب آن در نظام آموزش و پرورش ایران می‌پردازد. این پژوهش با روش آمیخته اکتشافی ـ متوالی انجام شده است. در بخش کیفی، حجم نمونه ۱۰ نفر از اعضای شورای معاونین وزارت آموزش و پرورش، بودند که به نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و در بخش کمی، حجم نمونه، ۹۱ نفر از مدیران ادارات کل، ۱۷۵ نفر از مدیران مدارس، ۶۷۶ نفر از معلمان و دانشجو معلمان و ۲۸۳ نفر از دانش‌آموزان بودند که با فرمول کوکران انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در بخش کیفی، مصاجبه گروه کانونی و در بخش کمی پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته بود. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در بخش کیفی، از روش تحلیل محتوای مضمونی با استفاده از کدگذاری به وسیله‌ی نرم‌افزار MAXQDA و در بخش کمی از نرم افزار SPSS و از تکنیک‌های آمار توصیفی مانند فراوانی، درصد و میانگین استفاده گردید. یافته‌ها حاکی از این بود که شرایط آموزش و پرورش در زیست‌بوم کرونا وضعیتی است که دارای کارکردهای نامناسب در ابعاد آموزشی، جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی است، اما دارای کارکردهای پنهان مناسب مانند آموزش فناورانه، افزایش منزلت معلمان و زمینه‌ای برای مدرسه‌محوری است. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4872.html The present study examines the impact of flipped teaching based on learning strategies on the academic progress of students in the chemistry course and analyzes its effects on motivation and understanding of fundamental chemistry concepts. The research method is descriptive-survey, and the statistical population students from the experimental field in Kohdasht city during the academic year 2023-2024. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection, with its validity confirmed through factor analysis and its reliability estimated using a Cronbach's alpha of 0.863. The results indicated that flipped education has a significant effect on students' academic progress (significance level = 0.05). Additionally, this teaching method led to increased motivation and improved unerdstanding of basic chemistry concepts. The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.604 for motivation and 0.662 for understanding concepts, both of which were significantly confirmed (significance level = 0.05). This research shows the positive effect of flipped learning based on learning strategies on improving student learning and motivation, which provides a basis for developing new blended learning methods. Also, teaching in this student-centered style significantly increases the quality of education and depth of learning, which can be used as an effective method in educational systems if infrastructure and content are improved. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_3774.html The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of teacher-student training at Farhangian University. This research, which was applied in terms of purpose, was performed qualitatively with a synthesis research approach. In this regard, articles, master's and doctoral dissertations of inside and outside of the country (from 1991 to 1400) were used to review the research background and data collection according to the objectives. The terms used were internship, internship training, and training effectiveness. At first, 411 studies were identified based on the inclusion criteria, but 381 were excluded based on the exclusion criteria, and finally, 30 studies were selected for final analysis through NVivo10 software. The research findings led to the identification of five themes: "human", "curriculum", "learning environment", "cultural and social" and "research" so that the "human" themes include intern, group manager, university supervisor, cooperating teacher, and headmaster; The theme of the "curriculum and training" consists of objectives, content, instructional design, teaching process, and evaluation; The theme of "learning environment" includes university, school, and classroom; "Cultural and social" themes include collaboration, professional communication, gratitude, and knowledge sharing; The theme of "research" consists of narrative research, action research, and lesson study. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4703.html Background and Objectives:The purpose of this research was to develop a pragmatic teaching model of physical education in Iranian schools. Methods:The statistical population of the qualitative and quantitative part includes professors in the field of sports management, curriculum planning and prominent physical education teachers.The statistical sample of the qualitative part was21people(targeted)and the quantitative part was400people (cluster random). The data collection tool in the present study was a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings:The model of pragmatic education in the physical education course of schools includes17categories in the form of six dimensions including causal factors (three categories), the main phenomenon (education pragmatic), strategy (four categories), background factors(two categories), intervening conditions(three categories) and outcome(four categories).In the quantitative part, it was also determined that all6main components of the research have a suitable fit, so the research model a sufficient fit. Also, the relationships in the research model were confirmed(T value greater than 1.96).Conclusion:Due to the fact that the pragmatic teaching of physical education in schools has many positive consequences for students, teachers, curriculum and sports development, it is recommended that the necessary measures be taken according to the presented model to benefit from pragmatic education in the lesson.Physical education should be adopted. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4873.html Metaphor becomes an effective tool to make abstract concepts concrete. The present research is trying to explore the use of metaphor in"Heaven's Messages" of the seventh grade and explain its role in understanding abstract concepts. In this regard, we have tried to examine it by the method of categorical content analysis.The findings showed that the authors used metaphor 88 times to express different abstract concepts; These metaphors are sub-metaphors under 25 macro-metaphors. Among them, the destination areas with74 and the origin areas with 64 have an acceptable variety; However, the scattering of metaphors in each lesson shows that their use does not have a logical proportion. In the book, there are 75 main concepts whose understanding should be a priority, but according to the obtained data, no metaphor was used to explain 7 cases (9.33 percent) of them. As a result, there are only 68 (90.67 percent) metaphors in the mentioned book to make the main concepts concrete, and among the 91 metaphors used, 20 metaphors, that is, about (22 percent) of them are related to secondary concepts. By creating a balance in the use of metaphor in all lessons, this understanding tool can be used in a systematic way. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_3942.html In this paper, which is applied and descriptive survey type applied and descriptive- survey research based on a process approach, the McLean Reverse Pyramid model has attempted to provide a framework for effective components of strategic planning to the University of Tehran and then measure the readiness of the University of Tehran based on it. In this mixed study, qualitative data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 20 individuals and quantitative data were collected with a researcher-made questionnaire. Quantitative and qualitative part statistical society was officials and deputies of the University of Tehran, and professors in the field of strategy. In the qualitative part, purposeful sampling was used and in a small part, simple random sampling was used, which was done by receiving 200 questionnaires. In the qualitative part, purposeful sampling and in the quantitative part, simple random sampling was used. Data were obtained with receiving 200 questionnaires and the For the thirteen-dimensional framework, 43 components were confirmed. The mean position of the dimensions was evaluated using the Friedman and t tests. The findings show in strategic planning the University of Tehran is the most prepared in two dimensions of organizational structure and performance criteria https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4705.html The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the dimensions of teachers' conflicts in the structure of the educational system and providing a strategy to solve these conflicts. The qualitative research approach was phenomenology with an emphasis on the interpretative method. The participants were teachers them were studied as available sampling. The researcher's self-review method, rich description and cross-case analysis were used in order to validity the data, and the parallel analysis method and regular trends in recording and writing data were used to determine the reliability of the data. The findings of this research include 6 optional codes, 19 central codes and 133 primary codes, in which the main codes are different types of conflicts in the educational system such as structural conflicts, conflicts with students, conflicts with teachers, conflicts with parents, conflicts with schools and conflicts with itself It includes. The results show that by being aware of the dynamic nature of all kinds of teacher conflicts in the educational system, he provided the ground for their Coming up and presentation in order to improve the motivation of teachers to work in a suitable learning environment by creating a balance in the educational processes of schools. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4711.html Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to develop a model of parental wisdom based on problem-solving ability and emotional self-awareness with the mediating role of decision-making ability. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational based on structural models, and the statistical population included parents in Tehran in 2024. From this population, 382 people were selected based on Cohen's formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method Findings: To collect data, Parker's Problem-Solving Ability Questionnaire, Rieffe's Emotion Awareness (2007), Mann et al.'s Melbourne Decision-Making Ability (1998), and San Diego Wisdom scale (2022) were used. Conclusion: The results showed that problem-solving and emotional self-awareness have a positive and significant relationship with parental wisdom directly and indirectly through decision-making ability. Therefore, it can be concluded that parents who have problem-solving skills and emotional self-awareness have higher decision-making power and exhibit wiser behaviors when dealing with challenging issues of adolescents.....................................Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to develop a model of parental wisdom based on problem-solving ability and emotional self-awareness with the mediating role of decision-making ability. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational based on structural models, and the statistical population included parents in Tehran in 2024. From this population, 382 people were382 people were people https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_3944.html The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the successful intelligence training program on academic emotions and academic self-concept of female students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the sixth grade. The method of this research was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all sixth-grade female students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were studying in the schools of Isfahan city in the academic year of 2022-2023. 50 students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were identified by Connors questionnaire and 30 of them were randomly divided into two experimental groups and control group. To collect data, Pakran et al.'s academic emotions questionnaire (2007) and Hisinchin's academic self-concept questionnaire (2004) were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis test showed that the successful intelligence training program was effective on the academic emotions and academic self-concept of the experimental group students. Based on the results of the present research, it can be said that successful intelligence training can be used as a suitable educational method to increase academic excitement and academic self-concept of students in primary schools https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4684.html The purpose of this study was the pathology of the performance evaluation system of education teachers, to achieve this goal, the qualitative approach and Grounded theory have been used.The statistical population of the research is staff, managers and teachers of schools in South Khorasan province.The sampling method was targeted and up to the saturation level(16 people). In order to collect data, in-depth and exploratory interviews were used. Data were analyzed at the same time as information was collected using the Strauss and Corbin method. In order to validate the research findings of long-term conflict or drowning, confirmation by the subjects and questioning and searching of colleagues were used, as well as to ensure the reliability of the coding methods by the second coder and decoding by the researcher.As a result of data analysis, 326 codebases including 207 separate codebases were extracted.These codes are in the form of 37 categories, the six dimensions of the pathological model of the teacher performance evaluation system centered on the phenomenon of systematic inefficiency of the teacher performance evaluation system, including causal factors(9 categories), intervening factors(7 categories), background factors(7 categories). , the main phenomenon(one category), actions and interactions (5 categories) and consequences(8 categories) were formed. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4707.html Time poverty is a widespread problem among teachers, affecting work performance, mental health, and even the development of students and schools. The main purpose of this research is investigating the psychometric Poverty Scale for Elementary School Teachers. The current research is practical in terms of purpose and in terms of the type of survey it is method of research was descriptive–correlational. all were Elementary School Teachers of Khorramabad city in 2022-2023, that from statistical population sample group of 420 teachers consists of 264 of Women and 156 of Men of Elementary School Teachers of Khorramabad city were selected by were selected using random cluster sampling. Exploratory factor analysis is conducted with principal components and rotation of varimax method. The one factors based on seven items are obtained that explain 56.03% variance of the Teachers’ Time Poverty variable. Result of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the fitness of the factors is good. Reliability scale is obtained by Cronbach's Alpha 86% Coefficient method that result was good and acceptable. The result showed that the five factors of Teachers’ Time Poverty for Elementary School inventory has good and acceptable validity and reliability it can be used in instructional and psychological research . https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4983.html To create a dynamic,active,interactive learning environment during online learning,it is useful to combine the features of the flipped and virtual classroom.Using virtual technology in the flipped chemistry classroom,thinking,creativity,independent learning,and problem-solving abilities are cultivated in students.the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a new model for the chemistry curriculum for the high school with an emphasis on the virtual flipped classroom.Dimensions and indicators were collected by content analysis of the research literature and analyzed and validated by a Delphi survey of chemistry and virtual education experts. Content validity was above 70% and reliability was confirmed by retesting after two weeks.a matrix of formation and compatibility relationships was created using the interpretive structural modeling method.The ISM graph was drawn and the type of variables was also determined using MICMAC analysis. According to the results,the present model consisted of 10 dimensions,42 components, and 89 indicators. These dimensions were classified into 5 levels. 5: Support and Organization; 4: Goals, Instructional Design,Technology, and Learning Content; 3: Teaching Strategies; 2:Evaluation; 1:Teacher,Learner,and Educational Psychology.Improving learning in chemistry education in the education system involves applying a systematic model to create appropriate and effective coordination and communication between the elements and components of virtual flipped education. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4709.html Objective: Motivation is one of the most important psychological constructs , The aim of the current research was to investigate the structural relationships of self-regulation strategies and metacognitive awareness with academic motivation, considering the mediating role of need for cognition. Method: The research method was a correlational description. The statistical population included all secondary school students (all grades) of Hamedan city, of which 449 people were selected based on the number of main structures and based on the cluster sampling method. In order to collect research data, four standard questionnaires were used, which included Bufard's self-regulation, Scharw & Denison's metacognitive awareness, Vallerand 's academic motivation, and Cacioppo and Petty's need for cognition questionnaire. The research data were analyzed by SEM and Amos software.Results: The findings of the research indicated the significance of the direct effect of the variables of self-regulation strategies, metacognitive awareness and need for cognition on academic motivation and the indirect effect of self-regulation strategies on academic motivation with the mediation of need for knowledge. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is concluded that by using measures such as increasing self-regulation, improving metacognitive awareness and strengthening the need for cognition in students, academic motivation can be increased. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4145.html The purpose of this research is to present the components of the evaluation of the professional competence of kindergarten teachers. Because kindergartens play an essential role in children's development. In fact, a kindergarten can be considered efficient if the professional qualifications of its teachers are of a high level. The current research is applied in terms of purpose, which was done in a meta-composite way. In this article, the number of 321 scientific documents in the field of professional competence of kindergarten teachers was evaluated from domestic and foreign scientific databases in the period from 1380 to 1400 and also from 2002 to 2022, and based on multiple refinements, the number 33 scientific documents were consistent with the accepted criteria and were the final study. As a result of combining the findings, 14 main components (technology skills, communication skills, educational skills, artistic skills, moral characteristics, personality characteristics, analytical ability, systemic ability, combined ability, professional knowledge, basic knowledge, national attitude, religious attitude, Attitude towards the child) and 54 sub-components and 5 dimensions were found which were more general and consistent with the culture of our country. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4261.html Background and objectives: The aim of the current research was to design a model of selection criteria for ninth grade girls in Shahrekord city. Methods: The mixed research method was of qualitative and quantitative type. The statistical population was all ninth grade female students of Shahrekord city in the academic year of 1402-1403. Purposive sampling method was used to achieve theoretical saturation. 17 people were selected as the sample size. The data collection method was used in qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative (researcher-made questionnaire). To analyze the data in the qualitative phase, the foundation's data-based coding process was used using Max QDA software version 2020. In the quantitative phase, the validation of the designed model was done using CVR convergent validity and CVI content validity indices. Findings: 14 selective codes in the central category (the criteria of the individual, helping people), causal factors (causal and external factors), intervening factors (promoting and inhibiting), background (job and income opportunity, environment, opportunities) , strategies (counseling and study) and consequences (individual, society and family) were obtained. Conclusion: The model of criteria for choosing the field of study of ninth grade female students can be used as a guiding model for counselors, students and parents. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4416.html The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the emotional actions of teachers in the curriculum and in line with the formation of the nature of autobiography. The qualitative research approach was inductive content analysis. The participants were teachers working in in the academic year of 1401-1402, and 17 of them were studied through a semi-structured interview and with theoretical saturation by means of purposeful index sampling. The researcher's self-review method was used for reliability, case analysis and rich description were used to determine transferability, and an external auditor was used for data reliability. The findings of this research in the five dimensions of emotional intelligence include social skills(discourse oriented, cultural recreation, cultural transfer, social epistemology, social context ology), self-awareness(curriculum understanding, system thinking, content analysis, Knowledge research, future research), self-regulation(independence oriented, flexibility. , rationalism, management, conflict avoidance), empathy(Learner oriented, belongingness, coexistence, interactionism, needs assessment) and motivation(Unitarianism, functionalism, goal orientation, problem solving, self- actualization are in the curriculum. Also, emotional actions develop the real self by encouraging teachers to form a collective biography and to be aware of individual ideas in the curriculum for the independence of their action in understanding the existential interests of the learners. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4682.html research was conducted with the purpose of testing the causal model of self-directed learning based on the perspective of the future, emphasizing the mediating role of academic persistence.The research employed a descriptive-correlational survey method. The population consisted of all high school students in the theoretical fields of Urmia, Iran, totaling 22,123 individuals. A two-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select a sample of 378 students. The study utilized the Future Time Perspective Scale (Husman & Shell, 2008), the Self-Regulated Learning Scale (Gagné, 1997), and the Academic Persistence Scale (Martin & Marsh, 2008). The validity of the instruments was confirmed through expert opinions from educational and educational psychology specialists, and the reliability was verified using factor analysis. To test the research hypotheses, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using LISREL software were employed. The results indicated that future time perspective had a positive and significant effect on self-regulated learning (coefficient = 0.29). Future time perspective also had a positive and significant effect on academic persistence (= 0.78). Academic persistence had a positive and significant effect on self-regulated learning (= 0.63). Finally, the indirect effect of future time perspective on self-regulated learning, mediated by academic persistence, was significant (= 0.48) https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4706.html School counselors face numerous challenges in promoting students’ mental health and academic achievement. This qualitative study, conducted during the 2019–2020 academic year, aimed to explore the professional experiences and challenges of school counselors using a phenomenological research approach. Fourteen counselors were selected through purposive sampling and participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Glaser’s interpretive coding method. The analysis revealed three main themes, seven sub-themes, and thirty-eight initial concepts. The main themes included: (1) challenges related to the counseling role (such as student-related and parent-related difficulties), (2) organizational challenges (including conflicts with school principals and colleagues, obstacles in academic guidance, and systemic administrative issues), and (3) personal life challenges (such as role confusion and occupational burnout). To ensure the trustworthiness of the findings, Lincoln and Guba’s four criteria—credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability—were applied throughout the research process. The results underscore the need for comprehensive training and support programs to strengthen counselors’ competencies. Promoting collaboration between counselors, school administrators, and teachers can also enhance the effectiveness of counseling services.Given counselors’ vital role in student development, educational policymakers must adopt practical solutions to address these challenges. The study offers implications for improving counseling practices and informing strategic educational planning. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4715.html Background: Using multiple teaching methods for students with visual impairments to enhance their understanding of concepts can smooth their learning path. The present study aimed to phenomenologically document teachers' experiences of the challenges and opportunities for learning of students with visual impairments. This research is qualitative and its method is phenomenographic. The statistical population of this study includes 15 teachers working in special schools who were selected through purposive sampling. The data collection tool is conducting semi structured interviews with teachers to understand the challenges and learning opportunities of students with visual impairment. Qualitative data analysis of this research was conducted using thematic analysis method. An in-depth analysis of teachers' experiences led to the identification and classification of seven main categories needed for learning for students with visual impairments, including adapting books and tests, in-service training, multisensory education, use of technology, early intervention, family awareness, and communication with science and technology centers. And twelve subcategories were found for these main categories in this regard. Utilizing a multisensory approach by simultaneously stimulating various senses not only strengthens memory and conceptual understanding, but also activates alternative sensory pathways to compensate for visual limitations. This process fosters increased engagement, motivation, independence, and self-confidence. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4768.html The purpose of this research was to identify the most effective hidden curricula in enhancing the professional competencies of teachers graduated from Farhangian University.This research was conducted with qualitative approach and phenomenological method during 1400-1401academic years . The population consisted of 1526 novice teachers who had graduated from Farhangian University in Khorasan Razavi Province over two years(1395 and 1400),out of which 33 participants were selected using maximum variation sampling method.Semi-structured interview was used for data collection, and thematic analysis was employed for data analysis.The findings led to the identification of 3 overarching ,10 basic and 40 organizing themes regarding the hidden curricula that effectively enhance the professional competencies of Farhangian University graduates. One of the most significant results of the present study was that although strengthening the fourfold competencies of student-teachers (General Knowledge (GK), Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)) should be pursued coherently through various courses at Farhangian University, it seems that professors of General Knowledge courses primarily focused on teaching social and religious values and paid little attention to educational necessities. Conversely, professors of Content Knowledge courses also paid little attention to teaching social and religious values and instead focused on educational necessities. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4980.html برنامه درسی نقشی کلیدی در کیفیت آموزش و تعلیم و تربیت دارد. درس تربیت بدنی در دوره های مختلف آموزش و پرورش دارای ابعاد مختلفی بوده است. مسأله اساسی تحقیق حاضر عبارت است از این که برنامه درسی تربیت بدنی دربرگیرنده چه نقاط ضعف و قوّتی است تا بتوانیم متناسب با این نقاط الگوی مطلوب برنامه درسی تربیت بدنی مبتنی بر سند تحول بنیادین آموزش و پرورش را تدوین کنیم. پژوهش حاضر بر اساس هدف کاربردی و از نوع پژوهش های کیفی تحلیل مضمون است. در این تحقیق از روش تحلیل مضمون بهره گرفته شد. پنج مضمون چالش‌های سازمانی، چالش‌های فراسازمانی، قابلیت‌های بازی محوری و سلامت محوری، راهبردهای برساخت سبک زندگی سالم و بازنگری همه جانبه حاصل شد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج تحقیق بیانگر آن است که برنامه درسی تربیت بدنی از قابلیت بازی محوری سلامت محوری برخوردار است. موضوعاتی مانند مهارت آموزی، هویت بخشی، تاثیر بازی و حرکت در تحقق اهداف برنامه درسی تربیت بدنی، رویکرد سبک زندگی سالم این برنامه همگی ناظر برگزاره های موجود در سند تحول بنیادین آموزش و پرورش هستند. نیل به الگوی مطلوب برنامه درسی مستلزم تغییرات ساختاری است و تا زمانی که این تغییرات اتفاق نیفتد، برنامه درسی مذکور به اهداف خود دست نمی یابد. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4981.html This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the facilitating factors for the implementation of coaching in the supervision and guidance activities of educational supervisors in Khuzestan province. In terms of the purpose, this study was applied research using the qualitative research approach and Phenomenological method. The participants of this research were 17 educational supervisors of Khuzestan province, who were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the research data was done using thematic analysis method. To ensure the validity and reliability of the data, four criteria provided by Lincoln and Guba namely validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability were used. The research findings indicated eight facilitating factors for implementing coaching in educational supervision and guidance, which are: Professional competence of the educational supervisors, Professional competence of the teacher, Interaction and exchange (both organizational and external), In-service training, Efficient recruitment and selection, Organizational and structural solutions, Cultural and supportive solutions, and Specialized and operational solutions. Based on the research findings, and lived experiences of the interviewees it can be stated that special attention should be given to facilitating factors for the implementation of coaching in the supervision and guidance activities of educational supervisors. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4982.html Background and Objectives: The current research was conducted to design a model for evaluating elementary teachers' performance in the context of blended learning.Methods: The research method is mixed and sequential exploratory. The research method uses descriptive phenomenology in the qualitative part and survey in the quantitative survey. The participants in the qualitative part were 26 faculty members, managers, heads of educational groups, teachers, parents of students, and students selected and in the quantitative part, 335 . Descriptive and inferential statistics methods and structural equation models were used to analyze the data. Also, the validation of the model was measured with external model tests and internal tests. Findings: The findings of the research led to the identification of 5 main educational, behavioral, attitudinal, knowledge, and skill dimensions and 30 performance evaluation indicators of primary teachers in the context of blended learning and all the model indicators and the results of the external and internal model tests had the necessary validity and as a result the validity of the model Confirmed. Conclusion: To evaluate the performance of primary school teachers in the context of combined learning, it is better to use these dimensions and indicators. They evaluate teacher's performance from different angles. https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4985.html The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the educational philosophies of elementary school teachers on their digital literacy and the mediating role of resistance to change .The research method is quantitative and descriptive-correlation.The statistical population of the research consists of 988 boys' primary school teachers . The sample size is based on Cochran's formula. In the case of known population size, the required sample size is 277 people. .The data collection tool was a standard 48-item questionnaire taken from the researches of Setin and his colleagues (2012), Oreg (2006) and Ng (2012). Using descriptive and inferential statistics, especially the structural equation model, the objectives and questions of the thesis have been investigated.The results show that the traditional educational philosophy of teachers, unlike the modern educational philosophy, has an inverse relationship with their digital literacy and a direct relationship with the dimensions of resistance to change (cognitive resistance, emotional resistance, and behavioral resistance).The digital literacy of teachers has an inverse relationship with the dimensions of resistance to change.The cognitive and behavioral resistance of teachers against the influence of traditional philosophy plays a mediating role, while in relation to the impact of modern education philosophy on digital literacy https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_4986.html : The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of uniform curricula in harming students in areas with subcultures. The scope of the research was the teachers of the multi-ethnic regions of the primary period (the border strip of Iran and Turkmenistan) in North Khorasan, Razavi. By using the purposeful sampling method, 35 people who were more consistent with the purpose of the research -structured interview was conducted with them. The findings were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's three-step coding method. The current researches in the current research showed that the central phenomenon in the current study is characteristics, age, gender, economic status and other conditions, including "lack of attention to the appropriate program for subcultures" and based on the results obtained, from a number of people in the student community in each of these categories of people, strictures are presented to educate native species. The discussion showed the lack of attention to the curriculum in relation to subcultures, which is mostly due to the same Creating curricula and general lifestyle for all students is from their native conditions and subculture https://pma.cfu.ac.ir/article_5083.html The present study aimed to identify the factors influencing the productivity of technical and vocational schools within Iran's educational system This qualitative study adopted an exploratory approach, utilizing the phenomenological method. The participants included managers and teachers from successful production-oriented schools across the country, as identified by the Ministry of Education based on evaluations. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached (17 participants). The reliability of the research instrument was verified through a coder agreement, and data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 software. The results research showed that the effective factors on productivity of technical and vocational schools within Iran's educational system could be classified from of 7 selective codes (practical training, a culture of innovation and creativity, positive thinking, connection with the job market, sustainability, and social responsibility, a supportive and encouraging environment, and finally, efficient and effective management) 23 axial code and 110 open codes. The study’s findings revealed that providing hands-on training, promoting innovation and creativity, ensuring efficient and effective management, strengthening industry relations, receiving governmental and social support, and fostering sustainability and social responsibility are among the most critical factors contributing to the success of productive high schools.