The Comparison between Emotion Regulation and Mindfulness Methods in Reducing of Academic Procrastination and Academic Burnout in High School Students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 1. Assistant Professore, Department of Educational Sciences. Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professore, Department of Educational Sciences. Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods of emotion regulation and mindfulness therapy on reducing academic procrastination and academic burnout in students. The research method was quasi-experimental. From the statistical population of the high school girl students of Ahvaz high school in the academic year of 2017-2018, which were 2300, 36 students were selected by purposeful-voluntary sampling in three groups of 12 (two experimental and one control group) in the process. Research participated. The instruments used in this study were the procrastination assessment scale developed by Solomon & Raum (1984) and the school burnout inventory made by Salmella-Arrow, Kioru, Laskinen, and Normi ​​(2009). The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant decrease in academic procrastination and academic burnout scores in the posttest of both experimental groups compared to the control group. The effect of the two methods studied does not show a significant difference; therefore, using both emotion regulation and mindfulness therapy to reduce academic procrastination and academic burnout is recommended.

Keywords


بابایی، زهرا، حسنی، جعفر، و محمدخانی، شهرام (1391). تأثیرآموزش مهارت نظم‌جویی هیجان مبتنی رفتار درمانی دیالکتیک در وسوسة افراد مبتلا به سوء مصرف مواد. روا‌نشناسی بالینی، 3(15)، 41-33.
بدری گرگری، رحیم، مصرآبادی، جواد، پلنگی، مریم، و فتحی، رحیمه (1391). ساختار عاملی پرسشنامة فرسودگی تحصیلی با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی در دانش‌آموزان متوسطه. اندازه‌گیری تربیتی، 31، 180-163.
جوکار، بهرام، و دلاورپور، محمدآقا (1386). رابطة تعلل‌ورزی آموزشی با اهداف پیشرفت. اندیشه‌های نوین تربیتی، 3(4-3)، 80-61.
زارع، محبوبه،آقازیارتی، علی، ملک‌شیخی، سمیه، و شریفی، مسعود (1396). اثربخشی آموزش ذهن‌آگاهی در مقایسه با تنظیم هیجان بر سازگاری دانش‌آموزان نوجوان دچار اختلال کاستی توجه/فزون‌کنشی. روان‌شناسی کاربردی، زودآیند، 12(2)، 47-39.
صالحی، اعظم، باغبان، ایران، بهرامی، فاطمه، و احمدی، سید احمد (1391). بررسی میزان اثربخشی دو روش آموزش تنظیم هیجان مبتنی بر مدل فرایند گراس و رفتار درمانی دیالکتیک بر علائم مشکلات هیجانی دانشجویان. تحقیقات علوم پزشکی زاهدان، 142، 54-49.
عشورنژاد، فاطمه (1395). اثربخشی آموزش راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان بر افزایش تاب‌آوری و دل‌مشغولی‌های تحصیلی در دانش‌آموزان دختر نوجوان. روان‌شناسی کاربردی، 10(40)، 521-501.
فضیلت‌پور، مسعود، انجم‌شعاع، محمدرئوف، و صفاری، محمدرضا (1396). بیش‌فعالی/ کمبود توجه و اعتیاد به مواد مخدر: نقش میانجی‌گری ذهن‌آگاهی. مطالعات روان‌شناختی، 13(1)، 117-102.
کارگر، عرفانه (1393). ارتباط تعارض کار خانواده و انگیزش تحصیلی با فرسودگی تحصیلی در دانشجویان. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی‌ارشد تربیت معلم، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران.
نریمانی، محمد، آریاپوران، سعید، ابوالقاسمی، عباس، و احدی، بتول (1389). مقایسة اثربخشی آموزش‌های ذهن‌آگاهی و تنظیم هیجان بر سلامت روان جانبازان شیمیایی. روان شناسی بالینی، 2(4)، 72-61.
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217-237.
Berking, M., Orth, U., Wupperman, P., Meier, L. L., & Caspar, F. (2008). Prospective effects of emotion-regulation skills on emotional adjustment. Counseling Psychology, 55(4), 485-494.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.
Coleman, J. S. (2018). Parents, their children, and schools. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Dane, E. (2010). Paying attention to mindfulness and its effects on task performance in the workplace. Management, 20(10), 1-22.
Daya, Z., & Hearn, H. H. (2018). Mindfulness interventions in medical education: A systematic review of their impact on medical student stress, depression, fatigue and burnout. Medical Teacher, 40(2), 146-153.
Dimeff, L. A., & Koerner, K. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy in clinical practice. New York: Guilford Press.
Edossa, A. K., Schroeders, U., & Weinert, S. (2018). The development of emotional and behavioral self-regulation and their effects on academic achievement in childhood. Behavioral Development, 42(2), 192-202.
Farb, N., Anderson, A., Ravindran, A., Hawley, L., Irving, J., Mancuso, E., & Segal, Z. V. (2018). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder with either mindfulness-based cognitive therapy or cognitive therapy. Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(2), 200-204.
Gareau, A., Chamandy, M., Kljajic, K., & Gaudreau, P. (2018). The detrimental effect of academic procrastination on subsequent grades: The mediating role of coping over and above past achievement and working memory capacity. Anxiety Stress Coping, 32(2), 141–154.
Greenberg, L. S., Warwar, S. H., & Malcolm, W. M. (2008). Differential effects of emotion focused therapy and psycho-education in facilitating forgiveness and letting go of emotional injuries. Counseling Psychology, 55(2), 185-196.
Grunschel, C., Patrzek, J., Klingsieck, K. B., & Fries, S. (2018). “I’ll stop procrastinating now!” Fostering specific processes of self-regulated learning to reduce academic procrastination. Academic Procrastination in Academic Communities, 46(2), 143-157.
Howell, A. J., & Buro, K. (2010). Relations among mindfulness, achievement-related self-regulation, and achievement emotions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(6), 1007-1022.
Inwood, E., & Ferrari, M. (2018). Mechanisms of change in the relationship between self-compassion, emotion regulation, and mental Health: A systematic review. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 10(2), 372-393.
Kim, B., Jee, S., Lee, J., An, S., & Lee, S. M. (2018). Relationships between social support and student burnout: A meta-analytic approach. Stress and Health, 34(1), 372-384.
Kim, B., Lee, S., Kim, Y. W., Choi, T. K., Yook, K., Yook, K. (2010). Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder. Anxiety Disorders, 4, 590-595.
Lee, M. Y., & Lee, S. M. (2018). The effects of psychological maladjustments on predicting developmental trajectories of academic burnout. School Psychology International, 39(3), 217-233.
Lee, S. J., Choi, Y. J., & Chae, H. (2017). The effects of personality traits on academic burnout in Korean medical students. Article Integrative Medicine Research, 6(2), 207-213.
 Logan, K., Lopez, S., Nagley, A., Metzler, G., & McKenna, R. (2018). Composed for a reason: Emotional self-regulation and the power of purpose and potential. Poster Presented at Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago, IL, April 2018.
Mason, J., Mason, A., Shaw, I., & Adams, G. G. (2018). Outcomes of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in adults with diabetes: a systematic review. Journal of Diabetes and Treatment, 2, 2574-2589.
Pearman, F. A. (2018). Gentrification and academic achievement: A review of recent research. Review of Educational Research, 14(3), 117-128.
Ratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and deregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54.
Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Leskinen, E., & Nurmi, E. J. (2009). School-Burnout Inventory (SBI): Reliability and validity. European Psychologist, 25, 48-57.
Shankland, R., Kotsou, I., Vallet, F., Bouteyre, E., Dantzer, C., & Leys, C. (2018). Burnout in university students: the mediating role of sense of coherence on the relationship between daily hassles and burnout. Higher Education, 8, 107-119.
Sirois, F. M., & Tosti, N. (2012). Lost in the moment? An investigation of procrastination, mindfulness, and well-being. Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 237-248.
Smyth, J. M., & Arigo, D. (2009). Recent evidence supports emotion-regulation interventions for improving health in at-risk and clinical populations. Current Opinion Psychiatry, 22(2), 205-210.
Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503-509.
Tice, D. M., & Bratslavsky, E. (2000). Giving in to Feel Good: The Place of Emotion Regulation in the Context of General Self-control. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 149-159.
Williams, J. G., Stark, S. K., & Foster, E. E. (2008). Start today or the very last day? The relationships among self-compassion, motivation, and procrastination. Psychology Research, 4, 37-44.