Content analysis of elementary mathematics textbooks in situations based on approximation and estimation

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Mathematics Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Mathematics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to analyze elementary mathematics textbooks in situations based on approximation and estimation. The present research method is quantitative-qualitative content analysis.
The content analysis was done by the Krippendorff method and with the statistical population of the first to sixth grade math textbooks published in 1401. The contents of the books have been categorized according to the components of estimation (measurement, quantity, calculations and number line). Based on the findings of this research, by comparing the number of situations related to estimation in elementary math textbooks, the authors have paid the necessary attention to this topic, which is one of the goals of the curriculum in the field of mathematics learning.
The mentioned positions are about the estimation of calculations and number line, and they are less focused on measurement and quantity. Among different grades, the number of estimation positions in the first and third grades is less. The estimation of some concepts such as length, area, … has been mentioned, but the estimation of concepts such as temperature, angle and coordinate axes has not been discussed. Considering their importance in mathematics and daily life, teaching these items is also recommended.

Keywords

Educational and Scholastic studies

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 17 September 2025

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