واکاوی فرایند توسعه‌ی حرفه ای مبتنی بر تجارب زیسته‌ی معلّمان درس پژوه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مدیریت آموزشی

2 مدیریت آموزشی، پردیس شهید چمران، تهران، ایران

3 آموزش و پرورش استان قم، قم، ایران

چکیده

درس پژوهی یکی از پژوهشهای معطوف به مدرسه و برنامه درسی است که می تواند از یک سو طی فرایندی مشارکتی حرفه‏ای گری معلمان را ارتقا دهد و از سوی دیگر یادگیری و پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش آموزان را بهبود بخشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، واکاوی فرایند شکل‏گیری توسعه‌ی حرفه‌ای حاصل از درس‌پژوهی برای دستیابی به یک الگو و نحوه اثرگذاری مولفه‏های استخراج شده بر توسعه حرفه ای بود. روش پژوهش، کیفی با استفاده از رویکرد پدیدارشناسی بود. جامعه پژوهش شامل کلیه معلمان درس‏پژوه بود که در زمینه درس‏پژوهی موفقیتهایی را کسب کرده و نیز صاحبنظرانی که در مورد درس پژوهی، اقدام به تألیف مقاله و کتاب کرده بودند. با روش نمونه‏گیری هدفمند و بعد از انجام ده مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته، به اشباع نظری در داده‏ها دست یافتیم. پس از تحلیل مضمون مصاحبه ها، پنج مقوله عمده شامل رویکرد، فرهنگ، هسته فنی، عوامل زمینه‌ای و پیامدها پدیدار شد و در نهایت الگوی پژوهش بر اساس رویکرد سیستمی ترسیم شد. درس‏پژوهی در بافت فرهنگ خاصی با مختصات مشارکتی و نقدپذیری صورت می‏گیرد. رویکرد درس پژوهی هدف‏گرایانه، فرایند محور، خلاقیت‏محور است و با زمینه‏هایی مانند تفکر تأملی معلم، برقراری ارتباط، پژوهشگری و حل مسئله منجر به اصلاح و بهبود روش‌های تدریس، تسهیلگری و تعمیق بخشی به یادگیری و عاملیت یادگیرنده می‌شود. نتایج این فرایندها بر معلم و دانش آموز پیامدهایی از جمله توسعه حرفه‏ای، رضایت شغلی، لذت از یادگیری و علاقه‌مندی به مدرسه را در پی دارد. در نهایت الگوی ارائه شده در قالب گروه کانونی، اعتباربخشی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Bazargan, A. (2019). An introduction to qualitative and mixed research methods: common behavioral sciences. Tehran: Didar. [In Persian]
Beiramipur, A., Semsāri, Z., & Hāshemi, E. (2020). The relationship between the contextual factors and mathematical performance of Iranian students in the TIMSS 2015. Journal of Educational Innovations19(3), 33-62. [In Persian], https://doi.org/10.22034/JEI.2020.114613
Bensley, D. A., & Spero, R. A. (2014). Improving critical thinking skills and metacognitive monitoring through direct infusion. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 12, 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2014.02.001
Bob, K., Brekelmans, M., Korthagen, F., & Wubbels, T. (2005). Quality requirements for teacher educators. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(2), 157-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2004.12.004
Bremmer, M., Heijnen, E., & Lucero, J. (2018). School as material - Modes of operation for teachers as conceptual artists. In S. Blom, M. Hermsen, F. Uiterwaal, B. Verveld (Eds.), researching the arts (pp. 38-51). Amsterdam, NL: Amsterdam University of the Arts.
Buczynski, S., & Hansen, C. B. (2010). Impact of professional development on teacher practice: Uncovering connections. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(3), 599-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.09.006
Chassels, C., & Melville, W. (2009). Collaborative, reflective, and iterative Japanese lesson study in an initial teacher education program: benefits and challenges. Canadian Journal of Education, 4, 734‐763.
Dudley, P. (2018). Teacher learning and lesson study. In R. Garcia‐Carrione (Ed.), The Oxford encyclopedia of international perspectives on teacher education. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Dudley, P., Xu, H., Vermunt, J. D., Lang, J. (2019). Empirical evidence of the impact of lesson study on students’ achievement, teachers’ professional learning and on institutional and system evolution. European Journal of Education, 54(2), 202-217. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12337
Erfani, N., Shobeyri, S. M., Sahabat, S., Mashayekhipoor, M. (2016). Effectiveness of the training lesson study course of knowledge and teaching skills in elementary teachers. Research in Curriculum Planing, 48(13), 191-200. [In Persian]
Ghasemi, M., & Badpar, R. (2015). Medicinal plants in promoting teaching and research in Iran. International Conference on Humanities, Psychology and Social Sciences, Center for International Broadcasting Conferences, Tehran, Iran, November. [In Persian]
Habibzade, A. (2014). The Effectiveness of Lesson Study on Teacher''''''''''''''''s Self-Efficacy. Psychological Achievements21(2), 145-168. [In Persian]
Hadfield, M. and Jopling, M. (2016). Problematizing lesson study and its impacts: studying a highly contextualised approach to professional learning. Teaching and teacher education, 60, 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.08.001
Halvorsen, A., & Lund, A. K. (2013). Lesson study and history education. The Social Studies, 104, 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2012.698326
Hiebert, J. and Stigler, J. W. (2017). Teaching versus teachers as a lever for change: comparing a Japanese and a U.S. perspective on improving instruction. Educational researcher, 46(4), 169-176. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X17711899
Hinde, E. R. (2004). School Culture and Change: An Examination of the Effects of School Culture on the Process of Change. Essay in Education, 12, 1-12
Howell, J. B., and Saye, J. W. (2016). Using lesson study to develop a shared professional teaching knowledge culture among 4th grade social studies teachers. The journal of social studies research, 40(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2015.03.001
Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G. (2013). Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice (9th Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Huntly, H. (2008). Teachers’Work: Beginning Teachers’ Conceptions of Competence. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1), 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03216878
Hurizad, B. (2010). Study the effects of creativity-based lesson study on the teachers'''''''''''''''' professional skills and creative manner of students and teachers. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy1(1), 75-92. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2010.5867
Kalanrari Khandani, E., Farrokhi, M. H. (2016). A Study of reflective teacher professional development and an explanation of lesson study and learning activity. The Journal of Theory and Practice in Teachers Education2(3), 73-96. [In Persian], DOR: 20.1001.1.26457156.1395.2.3.6.1
Karami, Z., Seraji, F., & Maroofi, Y. (2017). A Narrative Inquiry Curriculum & Professional Development of Student-Teachers in Farhangian University: Design Curriculum Model. Theory and Practice in the Curriculum5(9), 69-104. [In Persian]
Khakbaz, A., Fadaei, M., & Mousapour, N. (2008). The effect of research on the professional development of mathematics teachers. Quarterly of Education and Training, 24 (94), 123-146. [In Persian]
Kordian, P., Zare, Z., & Ansari Rad, P. (2019). The effect of biology education by Lesson Study method on students'''''''''''''''' scores increase (A case study of high school students in Tehran). Research in Biology Education1(3), 43-52. [In Persian]. DOR: 20.1001.1.27172252.1398.1.3.4.8
Lewis, C. (2002). Lesson study: A handbook of teacher-led instructional change. Philadelphia: Research for Better Schools.
Lewis, C. C. Perry, R. & Murata, A. (2006). How Should Research Contribute to Instructional Improvement? The Case of Lesson Study. Educational Researcher. 35 (3), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X035003003
Mohammadi, M., Marzooghi, R., Torkzadeh, J., Bakhtiari, A., & Khaleghi, A. (2016). Contextualization of teachers'''''''''''''''' professional improvement on teaching: a qualitative case study. Research in Teaching, 4(3), 127-99. [In Persian]. DOR: 20.1001.1.24765686.1395.4.3.6.7
Mohammadi, R., & Hasani, A. (2019). The Impact of Research Course Process on Teachers'''''''''''''''' Professional Development. Research in Teaching7(1), 1-19. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.34785/J012.2019.530
Momeni, L. (2015). The effect of study-research on the teaching-learning process. Educational Technology Development, 30, 4-6. [In Persian]
Mostafanezhad, C., Savareh, O., Khakzad, F., & Akbarzadeh, Z. (2016). An Investigation of the Effect of Lesson Study on Teaching Motivation and Self-Efficacy of Physical Education Teachers in Piranshahr City. Sport Management Journal8(1), 151-168. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2016.58254
Munthe, E., Bjuland, R., & Helgevold, N. (2016). Lesson study in field practice: A time‐lagged experiment in initial teacher education in Norway. International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 5, 142–154. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLLS-12-2015-0047
Naderi, E., Hajizad, M., Shariatmadari, A., & Saif Naraghi, M. (2010). Examining and comparing the professional skills of teachers of basic sciences and humanities in middle school in Behshahr city in order to provide methods to improve the quality of these skills. Educational Management Research, 2(2), 75-96. [In Persian]
Namdari Pejman, M., Ghanbarian, P., Ghanbari, S., & Basiri, I. (2017). Effectiveness of Lesson Study on Teachers Professional Skills in Hamadan Province Exceptional Education. New Educational Approaches, 12(1), 46-74. [In Persian], https://doi.org/10.22108/NEA.2017.21750
OECD. (2014). Indicator D7: How extensive are professional development activities for teachers? In Education at a Glance: OECD. https://doi.org/10.178 7/888933120461
Ozuklu, E. (2021). Comparability of teachers’ educational background items in TIMSS: a case from Turkey. Large-scale Assess Education 9(4), 2-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-021-00097-2
Perry, R., Lewis, C., & Akiba, M. (2009). Lesson Study in the San Mateo-Foster City School District. AERA Session 13.41, New Orleans, 4/2/02.
Rock, T. C., & Wilson, C. (2005). Improving Teaching through Lesson Study. Teachers Education Quarterly, 104(6), 446-451.
Sarkar Arani, M. (2006). Transnational Learning: The Integration of Jugyou Kenkyuu into Iranian Teacher Training. In M. Matoba, K. Krawford. , & M.R. Sarkar Arani (Eds), Lesson Study: International Perspectives on Policy and Practice (pp.37-75), China: Educational Science Publishing House.
Sarkar Arani, M. (2015). Lesson study: a universal idea for improving teaching and enriching learning. Tehran: Merat. [In Persian]
Sarkar Arani, M. R., & Matoba, M. (2006). Challenges in Japanese Teachers'''''''''''''''' Professional Development: A Focus on an Alternative Perspective. Comparative Education in Teacher Training, 4, 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3524-0_5
Sarkar Arani, M., Keisuke, F., & Lassegard, J. (2010). Lesson Study as Professional Culture in Japanese Schools: An Historical Perspective on Elementary Classroom Practices. Japan Review, 22(10), 171-200. https://doi.org/10.2307/25791346
Schipper, T. M., Vries, S., Goei, S., & Veen, K. (2019). Promoting a professional school culture through lesson study? An examination of school culture, school conditions, and teacher self-efficacy. Professional Development in Education, 46(1),112-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1634627
Smith, R. R. (2008). Lesson study: Professional development for empowering teachers and improving classroom practice. Dissertation submitted to the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies in partial fulfillment of the Florida State University.
Soltani, N., Dalvand, N., & Dalvand, S. (2015). Cultivation and institutionalization of learning in schools as a learning organization. The first scientific research conference on new findings of management sciences, entrepreneurship and education in Iran, Tehran, Association for the Development and Promotion of Basic Sciences and Techniques, September. [In Persian]
Stepanek, J., Appel, G., Leong, M., Mangan, M. T., & Mitchell, M. (2007). Leading Lesson Study: A Practical Guide for Teachers and Facilitators. University of Michigan: SAGE Publications.
Stigler, J., & Hiebert, J. (1999). The teaching gap: Best ideas from the world’s teachers for improving education in the classroom. New York: The Free Press.
Tijmen, M., Schipper, S., Goei, S., & Klaas, V. (2020). Promoting a professional school culture through lesson study? An examination of school culture, school conditions, and teacher self-efficacy. Professional Development in Education, 46(1), 112-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1634627
Vermunt, J. D., Vrikki, M., Van Halem, N., Warwick, P., & Mercer, N. (2019). The impact of lesson study professional development on the quality of teacher learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 81, 61-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.02.009