بررسی کج فهمی های دانش آموزان پایه دهم درباره مفاهیم استوکیومتری و موازنه معادله های شیمیایی با روش ارزیابی مفهومی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه آموزش شیمی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه آموزش شیمی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد آموزش شیمی، گروه آموزش شیمی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی کج فهمی‌های دانش آموزان پایه دهم درباره مفاهیم استوکیومتری و موازنه واکنش‌های شیمیایی است. 376 نفر (212 دختر و 164 پسر) از دانش آموزان پایه دهم مدارس استان مرکزی به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی از مدارس مختلف این استان انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از آزمون تشخیصی حاوی 8 سؤال چهار گزینه ای استفاده شده است. روایی آزمون توسط 9 نفر از اساتید و دبیران تأیید و با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ به مقدار 0/805، پایایی سؤالات آزمون اثبات شد. روش ارزیابی مفهومی برای سنجش میزان درک دانش آموزان به کار رفته است. تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزارIBM SPSS Statistics 26 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که 28/7 % و 25.8% دانش آموزان پایه دهم به ترتیب در مفاهیم استوکیومتری و موازنه دچار کج فهمی هستند. در مفهوم استوکیومتری بیشترین تصور غلط در زمینه استفاده از روابط استوکیومتری به‌صورت متوالی و در مفهوم موازنه بیشترین باور اشتباه در زمینه انتخاب عنصر شروع کننده برای موازنۀ معادله واکنش شناسایی شد. بررسی تأثیر جنسیت بر میزان کج فهمی دانش آموزان درباره مفاهیم استوکیومتری و موازنه نشان داد تفاوت معناداری بین میانگین کج فهمی دانش‌آموزان دختر و پسر وجود ندارد. بر پایه یافته‌ها، بازبینی محتوای بخش استوکیومتری و موازنه کتاب درسی شیمی دهم و همچنین شیوه تدریس معلمان با دقت کافی و توجه ویژه پیشنهاد می شود.

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