تحلیل ابعاد اجتماعی دانش محتوای آموزشی در آموزش ریاضی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه آموزش علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان تهران، عضو بنیاد نخبگان، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی تأثیر شرایط زمینه‌ای و مکان‌های نمادین، مانند خانواده و مدرسه بر موفقیت نوجوانان در یادگیری ریاضی تنظیم شده است. فضای نظریِ این پژوهش، دیدگاه تلفیقی و چندبُعدی «دانش محتوای آموزشی» است. در این دیدگاه، نقش شرایط زمینه‌ای، به‌ویژه متغیرهای اجتماعی در تمام ابعاد آموزش و یادگیری بسیار کلیدی است؛ و خصلت اجتماعی- فرهنگی این فرایند کاملاً برجسته است. روش انجام تحقیق، بنا به امکانات و ماهیت تحقیق، سنجش اجتماعی است؛ و عمدة گزارش تحقیق مبتنی بر نتایج پیمایش است. نمونة تحقیق، شامل 398 نوجوان، از شش دبیرستان متفاوت در سطح استان البرز بوده است. نتایج تحقیق، با توان تبیینِ 57 درصد از تغییرات نمرة ریاضی دانش‌آموزان، چگونگی تأیید فرضیه‌های تحقیق را آشکار می‌کند. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیونی چندگامه حاکی از آن است که شرایط کلاس درس به‌مثابة مهم‌ترین مکان نمادین در آموزش ریاضی و فیزیک بیشترین نقشِ تقویت‌کننده را در کسب نمرة ریاضی دارد. همچنین، آشکار می‌شود شرایط اخلاقی و انضباطی پاسخگویان مهمترین متغیرهای زمینه‌ای هستند که شرایط آموزشی و یادگیری فراگیران را تضمین می‌کنند.

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