شناسایی گونه های معلم کارآفرینی براساس کنش های کارآفرینانه معلمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی ، تهران، ایران

3 عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه مدیریت، علوم و فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه امیر کبیر ، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

همه گیری کوید 19 و افزایش بکارگیری فناوری هایی آموزش، افزایش تقاضا برای بهبود نتایج دانش آموزان و رسیدگی به چالش های پیچیده آموزش، توجه به کارآفرینی در آموزش را افزایش داده است. معلم کارآفرین در زمینه ها و شرایط مختلف نقش های و فعالیت های منحصر به فردی دارد که آتها متمایز می‌کند. به منظور شناسایی گونه های معلم کارآفرینی، مروری سیستماتیک بر روی 28 پژوهش براساس معیارهای چون روش و هدف پژوهش با جست‌وجو در پایگاه‌های علمی وب‌آو‌ساینس و گوگل اسکالر انجام و نتایج به شیوه کدگذاری سه مرحله‌ای تحلیل محتوا کدگذاری باز (شواهد معنادار)، محوری (مفاهیم) و انتخابی (مقوله‌ها) تحلیل شد. یافته های پژوهش 5 گونه متمایز از معلم کارآفرینی را تحت عنوان معلم کارآفرین کلاس درس، معلم کارآفرین مشاور ، معلم کارآفرین توسعه دهنده یرنامه درسی، معلم کارآفرین آنلاین و معلم کارآفرین اجتماعی- آموزشی مطرح می کند. هر کدام از گونه های معلم کارآفرینی برحسب ویژگی ها و فعالیت های چون تعریف از معلم کارآفرینی، نوع نوآوری، کشف مسئله و توسعه راه حل های نوآورانه، جذب سرمایه و تامین منابع، همکاری و شبکه سازی، مقیاس پذیری و انتشار نوآوری، مدیریت ریسک، رهبری پروژه های نوآورانه آموزشی تحلیل شد. یافته های نشان می دهد که گونه های معلم کارآفرینی با این که نقش ها و اقدامات مشابه ای دارند اما ویژگی های منحصر به فردی نیز دارند. این گونه شناسی براساس اهداف و نقش‌های منحصر به فردی که معلم کارآفرین برای توسعه و مقیاس پذیری نوآوری های خود می پذیرند، انجام شده است.

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