پدیدارشناسی دیدگاه دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه اول در ارتباط با معلم خوب: یک مطالعه موردی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه آموزش علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل تجربه و ادراک دانش‌ آموزان متوسطه در رابطه با خصوصیات و ویژگی‌ های معلم خوب است. این پژوهش در رده پژوهش‌ های کیفی است که با روش پدیدارشناسی و در چارچوب پارادایم تفسیری انجام شد. جامعه‌ی مشارکت‌ کنندگان دانش‌ آموزان یک دبیرستان دولتی پسرانه دوره اول متوسطه بودند که از بین آن‌ها 33 نفر به صورت نمونه‌ گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. داده‌ ها از طریق مصاحبه عمیق و نیمه ساختارمند استخراج و به روش تحلیل محتوا کیفی هدایت شده گرانهیم و لاندمن با رویکرد استقرایی تحلیل شد. برای تأمین روایی و پایایی پژوهش از روش ارزیابی لینکلن و گوبا (1985) استفاده گردید. یافته‌ ها در قالب دو مقوله اصلی (ویژگی‌ های دانشی و مهارتی، ویژگی‌ های منش) و پنج مقوله فرعی (تدریس اثربخش، مدیریت مؤثر کلاس درس، مربی‌ گری مهارت‌ های زندگی، خصوصیات رفتاری، خصوصیات اخلاقی) و 77 مفهوم ارائه شدند. در نهایت، نتایج پژوهش معلم خوب را فردی مدیر، باسواد، قابل‌اعتماد، مسئولیت‌پذیر، اجتماعی، صمیمی، همدل و فهمیده می‌داند که نقش وی با خروج دانش‌آموزان از مدرسه به پایان نمی‌رسد، بلکه فراتر از مدرسه، این نقش در زندگی روزمره معلم جهت تقویت و توسعه این ویژگی‌ها همواره باید با او همراه باشد. نتایج پژوهش همچنین، در راستای ارتقای کیفیت‌ معلمان و پیشرفت دانش‌آموزان، بر ضرورت توجه به مقوله‌های استخراجی تأکید می‌کند و این مقولات را به‌عنوان راهنمایی جهت طراحی برنامه‌های درسی آموزش معلمان در دانشگاه‌های مربوطه و مخصوصا در بحث آموزش ضمن‌خدمت آن‌ها، در نظر می‌گیرد.

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